Uchenna, Writer, Engineering Student

Friday, June 21, 2019

Berries

So yesterday, right. A few friends and I were messing around, and I ended up looking up bananas because I couldn't remember that potassium was a word. While doing this, I saw in the search bar that people often looked up if a banana was a berry.
My curiosity peaked.
And a banana is a berry. And so is an apple. And a watermelon. And an eggplant. And a kumquat. To be honest, I didn't even know what a kumquat was before this. (Someone explained it as a mixture between a grape and an orange. Which by the way, are also both berries.) But commonly known berries--such as a strawberry, blueberry, and blackberry--aren't actually berries. At least, not botanically.
And so just like that, I spiraled into a berry search. Apparently, the word "berry" has been in use since at least the 12th century, and stems from words in Old English, Dutch, German, Old Saxon, Proto-Germanic and East Germanic. This word has been in use since long before scientists got together to make an official botanic definition. Beforehand, people believed a berry was just a juicy fruit which could be picked off a bush and eaten. Which explains the confusion between the naming of fruits. So then, what is a true berry?
To be a berry, a fruit needs an exocarp, a mesocarp, and an endocarp. It needs at least two seeds, and must develop from a flower with a single ovary. This puts most of our commonly known berries out of the running, as most grow from flowers with multiple ovaries, or "drupes." Once a fruit has multiple drupes, it's no longer a berry, but an aggregate fruit. Strawberries, however, while they are aggregates, instead of having drupes, they have achenes, the yellow things we commonly call the seeds.
If your brain is still intact, there are indeed multiple subcategories within the berry classification. Such as a hesperidium, which, in short, is defined as a berry with a thick, leathery shell. And, on top of that, there's weird mutations as well. Like a pineapple, isn't just one berry. But instead, several berries which have grown together and fused into one.
Yet, if I ever ask my mother for berry. She'd probably still hand me a strawberry, so.

Fruit Identification Outline, www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/fruitid1.htm.
“Berry.” Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/berry.
“Berry (n.).” Index, www.etymonline.com/word/berry.
Geggel, Laura. “Why Are Bananas Berries, But Strawberries Aren't?” LiveScience, Purch, 12 Jan. 
2017, www.livescience.com/57477-why-are-bananas-considered-berries.html.-berries.html
“Hesperidium.” Hesperidium - an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/hesperidium.

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